Ian repeatedly uses heroin to reduce stress and enhance the feeling of well-being. accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. C. the cognitive theory of dreaming C. depressants B. stage 5 and stage 6 C. Drug use among teens is associated with unplanned pregnancy, depression, and school-related difficulties. B. might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming. He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive. What role does sleep play in influencing our psychological and physical health? C. nondeclarative memory A. Hypnosis A. detects information from the world without receiving concrete sensory input. 35. D. A meditative state is exactly similar to the hypnotic state. C. Explicit memory/Implicit memory B. hallucinogens In classical-conditioning Awareness involves the His A. serotonin He always uses a specific amount B. information over a long period of time? A. sensory memory. D. inhalant, 78. D. dreaming. A rabbit learns to play with children in the park. encoding information? A. Hypnosis is most effective when combined with psychotherapy. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. Your father falls asleep watching TV. Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. C. sensory memory C. modify a person's perceptual experience/slow down central-nervous-system activity 62. A. discovery learning. B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. A. D. Reinforcement. example of a ________ task, whereas asking an eyewitness to identify a suspect on the basis of a lineup Research does not support the claim that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain. C. William James's theory B. narcolepsy. Classical conditioning can produce immunosuppression. A. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. She has difficulty falling names may be attributed to the occurrence of C. automatic processes. C. a circadian rhythm anomaly. A. somnambulism. According to activation-synthesis theory, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain. Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care A. instinctive drift. Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep? Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory? D. REM sleep is characterized by a lack of rapid eye movement. The presentation of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. problems is she most likely to have now? Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? Explain how circadian rhythms affect physiological and psychological functioning. 63. They enhance decision making. B. executive function. What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? 68. C. habituation B. William James's theory D. a learner's behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence. D. It involves the unconscious repetition of information, If all of the information on the hard drive of your computer is like long-term memory, then A. positive reinforcement Meditation 45. C. heroin B. more than five drinks in a row 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. D. circadian rhythm, Jet lag may be best explained by the A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper, 9. personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. D. activation-synthesis. B.Narcolepsy true. D. Prosom. In cognitive theory, there is an essential search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams. C. increased tolerance. Cindy is demonstrating Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness? of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through After the surgery, his epilepsy was cured, but his memory was impaired. _____ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. stimulus in this scenario is the B. semantic memory B. conditioned stimulus (CS). A. extinction Depressants _____ whereas stimulants _____. Find the total of the selling prices of all the skates. She will tell Mitchell what to expect in the hypnotic state. B. Rodney mows the lawn more than once a week so as to get $10 from his mother every time Insomnia is a disorder involving intermediate processing. B. suprachiasmatic nucleus A. conditioned response. B. cognitive system. C. Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep It is the most widely used type of depressant drug. Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. A. vigilance. B. Divided attention is not likely to impede an individual's ability to pay attention to a specific A. serotonin. The ability to type a text message on a cell phone without even looking at the keypad is an example of C. baby's crying. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. B. The next day, the baby's mother brings home some pink flowers. behavior. Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's A. sensory memory B. immunosuppression. must decay and make room for new memories. B. a rabbit B. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. C. more than two drinks in a row subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. C. hypnosis involves the retention of a single state of consciousness. C. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. A. Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. B. Semantic memory/Episodic memory The tendency of animals to revert to intuitive behavior that interferes with learning is called It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. Your little brother whines whenever he wants something. For a moment you wonder if he's dead, but suddenly he snorts and resumes snoring. B. demonstrating automatic processing. A. She has difficulty falling asleep and awakens frequently during the night. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. C. learned helplessness C. It reinforces a behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. B. stimulant. A. Daydreaming about your upcoming vacation The EEG (electroencephalogram) data of a hypnotized person indicates a predominance of alpha and beta waves. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. A. Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? ________ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage. Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. B. Sophia, who began drinking at age 65 On Friday, he became desperate for the drug while visiting with She is B. latent learning. B. 71. tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? the clothes. C. in an altered state of consciousness. C. corpus callosum/hippocampus Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? Extinction C. implicit C. encoding C. have a script for what happens in a restaurant. D. unconditioned stimulus (US), Which of the following is the best example of an unconditioned response? the ________ after conditioning had occurred. The drug she took is most likely a stimulus (US) is on its way. Which of the following medications is she most B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. . B. daydreaming. _____, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. A. dietary changes. When there are many items in the visuo-spatial sketchpad, one can represent them Lower levels of awareness include automatic processes and daydreaming. D. stage 5 and stage 6. After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. In classical-conditioning situations, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned. D.They are considered to be conscious behaviors. 18. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. accurate? A. controlled processes. Which of the following is true of the term "levels of processing" in memory? Jet lag may be best explained by the ________ involve sudden B. Valium Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. D. recognition/recall. D. Tylenol. C. Somnambulisms/Night terrors A.psychological dependence. A. Alex, a five-year-old boy, is reciting his alphabets. C. the amygdala, a part of the limbic system, is involved in emotional memories. C. psychological addiction Theory of awareness B. a. personality b. contingencies of reinforcement c. trait d. defense mechanism e. inferiority complex f. self-actualization g. positive regard h. conditions of worth i. extravert j. introvert. She is most likely This technique will allow your _____ to flow. Drug addiction occurs when C. Insight learning Research does not support the claim that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain. C. negative reinforcement. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. Sexual satisfaction 88. D. incubation. D. stage 4, 34. A. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs B. B. Generalization After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. 76. B. declarative memory/nondeclarative memory B. heroin information that was learned earlier. Which of the following is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for B. psychological dependence. Manifest Content: The literal content of D. divided attention. C. Hallucinogens A.They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes. Specialists refer to sleep stages 1-4 as non-REM sleep. D. our biological urges and needs. The drug she took is most likely a B. daydreaming. B. Tylenol D. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. D. in an altered state of consciousness. D. Divided attention. 117. What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? is the president of the U.S. D. Daydreaming makes the mind completely idle and inactive. Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce D. night terrors. B. lower-level consciousness 10 A. B. B. strongly increase Developmental psychologists have used a procedure called the false belief task to examine children's Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before. D. the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurrence of the attention and which should be ignored. B. The fact that your According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. They enhance decision making. D. Theory of mind, What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? a. Hypnotized people can be made to do things against their will b. Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory c. Hypnotic responsiveness depends almost on the skill of the hypnotist d. Hypnosis has been used in the treatment of stress and anxiety Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) In some cases, hallucinogens may produce hallucinations, which are typically visual and/or auditory perceptions that are not real. C. working memory. C. life experiences stimulate and shape dreaming more than the theory acknowledges. Discuss the distinctions among depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. In addition to the restorative function of sleep, scientists also believe that sleep may serve an important evolutionary function. D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system. alarm sound. D. negative punishment. B. Ecstasy. Repeated usage of marijuana can enhance attention and memory. surprised to learn that nearly all of the students she interviewed offer very detailed, vivid accounts of C. Transience Implicit memory/Explicit memory B. marijuana/valium 91. B. during non-REM sleep. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. D. intermediary, ________ is considered a secondary rienforcer. _____ drug dependence is the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and a craving for the drug when it is discontinued, whereas _____ drug dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. A. depressant. C. It emphasizes shallow processing as the key step in memory retrieval. A. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. true. D. They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. D. dormant rhythm. D. primary, A ________ reinforcer is a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's A. Barney rapidly increases the sales of his product and ensures complete sale of his stock so D. no awareness. 53. B. dreams are random. D. observational learning, Elaine is writing a paper about reactions to the tragedy that occurred at the Twin Towers on B. occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. C.insomnia. A. altered states of consciousness. D. meditation. C. an organism reverts to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning. A. hallucinogenic true. B. chunking. B. learning to ride a bike by watching your older brother do so While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. A. C. crack. reinforced for successfully running through it. A father takes his baby out for a walk. They have serious arguments with others. D. Working memory's storage capacity is virtually unlimited. B. negative reinforcement A. Gary turned to his wife when he woke up and said, "You won't believe what I dreamed. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. A. more emotional. This was the first time he had used heroin outside his own apartment. B. It decreases central-nervous-system activity. A. Medical tests revealed increased activity of her central nervous system. 33. 31. A. secondary B. C. It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep. brain's activities. the best subjects are people who have a reason to go under hypnosis: true or false. Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? A. depression A. stimulant 15. Only 6 pairs of the skates sell at the original price, and the manager decides to mark down the remaining skates. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. A. storage failures. B. fixed-ratio B. long-term memory. B. B. more visual. This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ A. tertiary All animals require sleep. D. Stimulants. What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? WebA. 92. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. After Someone Wakes Up From Hypnosis, He Or She May Have Involuntary Reactions To A Stimulus But Not Remember Why. Alcohol is a powerful drug that acts on the body primarily as a stimulant and speeds up the B. semantic memory/episodic memory In the context of memory processes, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of C. prefrontal cortex B. repressed C. positive reinforcement. The social-cognitive-behavior view of hypnosis. B. A. stage 1 D. Autobiographical memories predominantly characterize the very first few years of life. C. Keiko, who is daydreaming about her upcoming vacation this weekend D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. B. C. amphetamine C. insomnia. C. wake up earlier than desired, sometimes several times a night. Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. D. a person experiences unpleasant physical symptoms when using a drug. A pig shoves an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth. Some people are more easily hypnotized than others, and some are more strongly influenced by hypnotic suggestions. B. latent learning. D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. D. unconditioned stimulus, Classical conditioning can produce ________, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies C. Stage 1 sleep B. physical dependence. What consequences will Garrett likely experience as a result of staying up all night to study? B. B. 13. D. Classical conditioning can explain drug habituation. A. an organism performs a reinforced behavior in a different situation. Which of the following medications is she most likely taking? Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. to make it pleasurable. B. C. classical conditioning. Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. 24. You knew exactly She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. Ian's behavior exemplifies Physical dependence is a physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, such as pain or craving. C. It is derived from natural components of plants. than those in the middle. C. sleeping. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. C. attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of D. theory of activation-synthesis. D. Her metacognition level has significantly increased. Instead, dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. B. an anxious, panicky feeling. D. dopamine. B. tolerance. C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. C. Punishment B. physical and/or psychological dependence develops C. It always results in distortion of memories. Alcohol decreases the concentration of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid According to _____, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her Which of the following is true of shallow processing in memory? Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. tests include only essay questions, whereas Stacey's end-of-semester tests include only B. It often takes less time than operant conditioning. C. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived. D. reflex. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. D. neural activity begins with the brain. A. classical conditioning. D. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli, Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. throughout the day. B. A. thalamus and limbic system. A. a drug no longer causes a person to get high, but they take it again. A. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. D. a loud noise. B. C. self-actualization B. hypnagogic reverie. D. preparedness. Homer goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. D) It confuses witnesses, who end up providing inaccurate details about a crime. B. misbehavior toward his little brother decreases. B. automatic processes. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals A. have a friend who works there. D. Instinctive drift. C. variable-ratio surprised when the hostess seated you, handed you the menu, and informed you that your server would B. rehearsal/elaboration Daydreaming would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? C. Motor reproduction What is the likely cause of these complaints? Rachel Radcliff earns an annual salary of $126,000. B. the amygdala and hippocampus D. long-term memory/procedural memory, George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between memories are accurate. Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). and his body was not prepared to take the effect under the new setting. B. stimulus experience. Moesha is most likely suffering from D. slow down central-nervous-system activity/modify a person's perceptual experience, A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity, 86. D. stage 3 and stage 4. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. C. Humanism a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift? C. subconscious awareness Which of the following concepts best describes Miranda's learning is still functioning. A. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. B. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. D. positive reinforcement. C. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. C. During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented D. Aversive conditioning. A. semantic memory C. depressant Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care B. are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer. students create for themselves? A. extinction. Drug addiction occurs when D. how memory functions at the neuron level. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. C. Organisms learn behaviors implicitly, without being reinforced. D. subconscious awareness. A. A. script. A. somniloquy. ________ units of information. Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. C. are absent during slow-wave sleep. 56. Someone who can be hypnotized may be highly suggestible. B. Organisms learn the association between two stimuli. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland are most likely part of one's Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate Transmission Miranda then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and C. episodic memory/semantic memory D. serotonin dependence. 19. A. transience. A. variable-interval D. longer. D. Interactive-phenomenological perspective, A. The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of D. It refers to a continuum of memory processing. C. chunking/rehearsal Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other D. narcotics. They decrease the risk of exposure to HIV. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable 112. The ability to listen to music while reading a magazine indicates D. lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). cognitive tasks. They decrease epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. Although Lucy's memories of her life before the A. Concentration D. the bell had become a conditioned response. D. subconscious awareness. A. an individual will lie about taking a drug. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. C. Generalizing Jose's employer pays him every other Friday. conditioning what led to Leonard's condition? In the context of the C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. returns while Miranda patiently watches. It negates the role of deep processing in memory. D.increased tolerance. B. attention, retention, generalization, and discrimination Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. 20. B. implicit memory. 40. B. discovery learning. B. explicit memory C. conditioned response. B. Jennifer's tests have poorer retrieval cues than Stacey's tests. D. retroactive interference. A. D. GABA. Identify the true statement about sleepwalking. WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for others? True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. 83. C. a hypnogogic reverie. A. more than three drinks in a row D. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming. A. instinctive learning. B. latent learning. C. alcohol/cocaine to help them reach the end of the maze more quickly. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. She says she needs the caffeine to function normally. the viewer, will experience those positive feelings toward the product. C. adenosine. Compared with to dreams that occur during the REM stage, those that occur during the non-REM stage are 51. Moesha is most likely suffering from D. Discrimination. Xanax is classified as a(n) how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music. Discuss the physiological and psychological effects of sleep deprivation. C. implicit memory B. gary's concern over monthly bills B. vicarious reinforcement learning During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. B. fire D. within three hours of falling asleep. During a class lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert in Miami. B. altered states of consciousness. Explain the distinction between automatic and controlled processes. 7 and 12 D. amphetamines. D. observational learning, . C. She is demonstrating incubation. A. D. semantic, . The brain's reward pathway is located in the Because controlled processes require attention and effort, they are typically slower than automatic processes. 21. D. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet, Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as
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