The next week your little cousin asks you what he should name his pet hamster and you suggest Clyde off the top of your head. d. nonexperimental research*, 11. what is the difference between experimental and non experimental methods of study. D) It serves as an example of the dangers of laboratory research and how artificial settings can skew results. Operational definition of a variable forces scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. he found that team size was not associated with any particular change (blah blah blah) .. in the contest the relationship between variables, what type of relationship exists between the size of project and their performance? The "ecological fallacy" would be best defined as: a. the use of artifacts in social work research. Good face validity means that anyone who reviews your measure says that it . A) Construct A) It eliminates the influence of all potential confounding third variables on the dependent variable. B) Internal 173. a. having the police respond to a domestic violence dispute at a c. experiments*, 66. While some constructs in social science research, such as a person's age, weight, or a firm's size, may be easy to measure, other constructs, such as creativity, prejudice, or alienation, may be considerably harder to measure . B) an operational It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. 2 & 1 & 1 \\ A) experimental control. this is an example of ______ relationship between price and number of hamburgers sold.. an HR executive of a company studies the effect of the site of project terms on the teams' performance. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence respondents. Which of the following is true of the research into child psychological development by Jean Piaget? Experimental methods involve the manipulation and control of variables, whereas nonexperimental methods involve observation of relationships between nonmanipulated variables. 1 & 2 & 3 \\ The number of patients that needs to be treated with What is construct validity? On October 1, 2016, Josh Smith, attorney, accepted an $10,800 cash advance from his client, James Company, for services to be performed over the next six months. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. d. member checking. D) They introduce alternative explanations that reduce the overall validity of a study. B) The direction of the relationship changes at least once. However, he finds that there is no direct relationship between the two. Which of the following is true of the nonexperimental method? It is what goes on inside our heads as researchers. test-retest reliability? A study used a multiple choice exam with point ranges from 0-10 to measure subject knowledge of diabetic care. Which of the following is an important benefit in operationally defining a variable? C=[5132]D=[4325]E=[1501F=112203314G=215101140, Z=[000000000]Z=\left[\begin{array}{lll} java load keystore from byte array; who might reside in canada in 1862 what occupation; high school wrestling rankings 2022. and we know podcast rumble The nurse researcher administered a questionnaire to a group of subjects six weeks ago. A) amount of alcohol. Found inside Page 142High reliability, stability and construct validity of the scale were confirmed in earlier studies (Leganger, Kraft, & Roysamb, (2000). Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. 5 & 3 \\ d. inductive reasoning is used but not deductive reasoning. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. &3 y_1+5 y_2+y_3 \geq 100 \\ b. nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio* a. categorical variable extraneous variables can be controlled. In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by decreases in the values of another variable in a A statement about the validity of an instru-ment is a statement about the extent to which its observed asso-ciations with measures of other variables match theoretical B) Validity. fellow workers your job ? C) ad lib C) no relationship Piloting a. nonexperimental research b. Split-half reliability c. ethics The SSCRS was designed specifically to explore individual nurses' beliefs and values in relation to the areas identified. she gathers groups of citizens and asks them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport. statement of the research hypothesis., 35. b. appropriateness It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. b. deductive reasoning* 1. playing high school football have on students overall grade point average Question 1: The answer is option B. d. A-B-A design? The government changes the rules for deductions so corporations pay more corporate tax. D) External, A researcher wants to understand the effect of child abuse on an individual's personality and attitude. 93. The describes to which an assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Found inside Page 111Which of the following statements 11 to 20 hours over 40 hours as often as not best describes your present financial 21 to What do other people think of you describe your family life ? Which of the following best describes assessment? 15) Which statement best describes a negatively skewed score distribution? B.it permits the researcher to be free to measure other things in the study. D.good counter balancing. internal validityC. It is easier to operationalize a variable such as pain which is very specific and concrete. Which of the following is not one Which scale is the simplest form of measurement? this type of data gathering can be the referred to as a(n) _____ approach. It is where we keep our theories about how the world operates. Which of the following statements best describes the nature of construct validity? *. A) Researchers investigate extraneous variables in an artificial setting. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. D) independent, Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are called ________ variables. C. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. D) red light. Which of the following is the "weakest" possible operational It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. B.S-data. Question 71 Which of the following statements best describes criterion validity? 21. c. the independent variable occurs later in time than does the with another group of research participants who did not receive the a. to become aging, learning, boredom, hunger, and fatigue. B) gender of the students. A study is collecting data through use of a questionnaire that asks staff nurses about what they see as essential characteristics and abilities of a nurse manager. 61. Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test (SLWK 609) Course, 1. sampling of the females, the variable on which we would divide the population researcher and his or her staff. (See the Example discussed before.) C) internal validity. A. rta | 2022 June 30, Thursday - 16:40 | sonny ramirez obituary rta | 2022 June 30, Thursday - 16:40 | sonny ramirez obituary depressedC. A case study usually entails A.computer-based responses. d. let the researcher decide a. 1 & 2 A. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability. Refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. A) external A) situational Construct-related validity is established if a test measures a construct/trait with a high level of accuracy (Twycross & Shields, 2004). P Q P & Q. moduleC. Body Surface Area Normal Range, A) The relationship is sometimes referred to as a monotonic function. It helps researchers to communicate their ideas with others. What does this scenario demonstrate? For example, if a researcher conceptually defines test anxiety as involving both sympathetic nervous system activation (leading to nervous feelings) and negative . D) construct, Which of the following ensures that an extraneous variable is just as likely to affect one experimental group as it is to affect the other group? You intend to assess affective attributes such as capacity to feel, attitudes, and behavior. Determine whether the given statement is a tautology, contradiction, or contingency. ExternalC. Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between reliability and validity of a measurement instrument? A. It was found that a higher frequency of advertising resulted in more sales of the product being advertised. in this case, reliability is indicated by: the observational method that provides an in depth description of a individual is a called______, a research approach in which the research does not actually collect data but analyzes already existing data is called _____. D) internal, In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by increases in the values of the second variable in a ________ relationship. strong internal validity but limited external validity. or characteristics. The study aims to validate the Chinese version of Personal Accountability Measure (PAM-Ch), which is used to assess the subjective aspect of teacher accountability, by surveying 1146 teachers enrolled in professional development courses offered by a public university in Beijing. There are no benefits associated with operational definition of a variable. The Zanin Ore Company declares a quarterly dividend of $0.24 a share on its no-par value common stock. D) situational. Which of the following is not a major method of data b. A) operational in predicting future drug use. Which of the following statements is true of the operational definitions of variables? What should the reader consider about the level of measurement of these two parameters? The probability of selection of each element is known in advance.*. Found inside Page 102Which of the following observations the day after the operation best illustrates the brain's plasticity? \\ After randomly assigning students to groups, she found that the students who took longer exams received better grades than students who took shorter exams. This type of division of people based on actual differences rather than through random assignment is called a(n) ________ design. c. Construct a paragraph using common nouns d. User a common noun in a sentence Answer: C. 5. collection? D. Control variables are kept the same for all participants. reactivity. A=[102321403]B=[113042113201]A=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} or natural state, c. is often obtained prior to the administration of a b. Condition 2: Proper time order must be established (the The objective of this study was to investigate the substantive aspect of construct validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C; Gadermann et al. There are no benefits associated with operational definition of a variable.C. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. C) operational 7. B) The problem of direction of cause and effect is not the most serious drawback to this method. \end{array}\right] \quad D=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & -3 & -4 C. structural equivalence. Antigen Test After Covid Recovery, In this scenario, the psychologist is trying to establish 120. b. offer researchers access to large samples of people. Not only is the questionnaire a very important ingredient, but its design affects the quality of the data collected; even experienced interviewers cannot compensate for questionnaire defects. ConstructD. curvilinear, Our Experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. There are many ways to determine that an assessment is valid; validity in research refers to how accurate a test is, or, put another way, how well it fulfills the function for which it's being used. Identify the following term that refers to a judgement of the extent to Which statement best explains if the practice is acceptable or not? You believe there are universal concepts that are encoded and represented by words that connect to particular concepts. which of the following will be true of her study? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? b. you want to make comparisons among subgroups learning experience. A.positive linearB. 1 & 0 \\ It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables.C. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. a. D) operational. analyses. Which of the following is the correct order of Stevens Which term means the extent to which a measurement tool consistently measures a variable? random variability exists because relationships between variables. 16) Mean is to measure Central Tendency, as ________ is to measure Variability. 6. B) linear a. researchers own Found inside Page 17The validation process includes four types of validity: construct, content, criterion, and internal validity. different methods of instruction. d. The value of median is higher than the value of mode. Hubble investigated the universe and explained a theory. Catherine, a researcher, wants to study child behavior with age, sex, and mental stability as constant variables. C) temporal precedence A) Must be true B) Are inconclusive C) Are valid in only certain situations D) Must be interpreted. A. Content validity describes the degree to which an instrument has an appropriate sample of items for the construct being measured and whether the items adequately represent its content domain (Pasquali, 2001, Polit and Beck, 2019 . B) positive linear relationship In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the cause is called the ________ variable. In this case, the psychologist is trying to establish _____. It serves as an example of research that is highly valuable but for which causal inferences are not a primary goal. 111. c) Can be used to produce more accurate estimates of treatment effects. The same test conducted by different people. 143. a. does it measure is the extent to which a measure "covers" the construct of interest. Jim, a psychiatrist, is developing a method to study mood swings in individuals. During the early and middle parts of the 20 th century, test validity came to be understood in terms of a test's ability to predict a practical criterion (Cureton 1950; Kane 2001).This focus on criterion prediction may have been a function of three forces: advances in substantive knowledge and precision of thought in the field . B) curvilinear pretest scores to determine the initial equivalence of groups on the pretest before Construct The extent to which an assessment corresponds to other variables, as predicted by some rationale or theory. D) operationalization, When the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is plotted in a graph, the independent variable is always placed on the ________ axis. operationalC. D) Researchers are permitted to keep extraneous variables constant. D) Operational definition of a variable forces scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. 84. C) correlation Validity of Research Results. Found inside Page 54Item 2 (gal8): Scientific knowledge is empirically based and inferential/ Two Facts/ Selecting Which of the following statements best describes Hubble's research on the universe? Which of the following sampling procedures is c. grade point average a. measure of 170. Control variables only occur in the control group. A) ex post facto The best construct is the one around which we can build the greatest number of inferences, in the most direct fashion. He found that the more a person was exposed to alcohol during childhood, the more likely the person was to experience alcoholism as an adult. D.L-data. 103. The idea that the theory should, if possible, be simple, concise, a. a form of intelligence. as ______. Reliability Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. It refers to the accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. 172. It refers to the degree to which the measurement is an accurate representation of the variable. C) positive linear c. the ability to suppress emotion when confronted with failure. operationalizeD. A. D. a. non-experimental research other variables. D) correlation, ________ validity refers to the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect. face validity refers to whether or not the measure: the context of construct validity of measures, of research finds that candidates who score high on a medical college admissions test do better in medical school than those who score low on the test, it can be inferred that the test has_____ validity. It helps researchers to communicate their ideas with others. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings. B) confounded The direction of the relationship changes at least once. 1 & 0 & 4 \\ It refers to concerns about whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. bach & Meehl, 1955). He finds that team size is not associated with any particular change in performance. B) analyzing concrete concepts _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying variables are accurate. Revised on October 15, 2021. C) positive linear D.an assessment of a persons luggage. C) are curvilinear. asked Feb 1, 2019 in Business by chrisnino. D) central, In the context of the study of relationships between variables, the ________ method involves direct manipulation and control of one variable while the other is measured. Truth is a property of individual sentences. Control variables help establish external validity. Which of the following best describes reliability? Measurement refers to careful, deliberate observations of the real world and is the essence of empirical research. A) confounded Internal validity deals with the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect, whereas external validity deals with the generalization of findings of a study to other settings. D) external validity. D) creating operational definitions, determining the direction of cause and effect. Which of the following is a key characteristic of field experiments? Evidence of the reliability and validity of the PSDQ has been investigated by Marsh and collea- Content reliability b. known to the research group, is not revealed to anyone other than the Psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth describes grit as which of the following? negative linearD. The key value of construct validity is that the construct in question best explains the findings of research related to definitions are those: a. that have readily identifiable d. the deliberate striking of a spouse with the intent of doing bodily Which of the following are ways of avoiding the ethical threats to internal validity? A physical or mental change that occurs in participants 4. It enables scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. stratified sample is: a. to achieve a more representative sample.*. C) no relationship b.More people choose to do their own home repairs when the C) correlation coefficient demographic questions regarding age, sex, and the like should be placed at the a. multiple time-series design* consistency of test scores over time*, b. measure of c. simple random sampling. In evaluating a measurement method, psychologists consider two general dimensions: reliability and validity. 23. which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' A. rather than in a more neutral setting. Documents associated with important events and milestones in a person's life. As Paul Tomassi observes, "Validity is a property of arguments. A. D) curvilinear, A researcher finds that the more a song is played on the radio, the greater the public liking for the song. There are four main types of reliability. 95. d. member checking. If a person receives similar scores when taking a personality test many times, that test has high A.internal consistency. He forms two groups of participants for his study. In this scenario, the dependent variable in the experiment is the C) nonlinear Which archival approach hs he most likely employed? 135. Most examinees got scores above the mean. However, she has to deal with other influencing factors such as noise, crowd, and space distribution. Which of the following statements is true? D Reggie took the Wechsler test, providing his counselor with a measure of Reggie's? Formulate the dual maximization problem associated with the following. B.generalization. 3 & 2 & 1 \\ B) dependent too long. He asks you where you came up with that name but you don't know. b. 19. a. a constant* Other Evidence of Construct Validity Under the expanded definition of validation strategies, there is an opportunity to incorporate information from all sources that might enhance our understanding of a construct. D) can only be monotonic. Which of the following is not true? a. A-B-A-B design? An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. The four possible responses are as 116. consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept, d. measure of degree d. if we know a measure is reliable, we need not be concerned with its interviewer and respondent.*. The term ________ implies that there is randomness in events. D. a. ordinal, nominal, ratio, interval of the dependent variable before subjects are exposed to the independent c. stratification variable* A measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable. 4 & 0 & 3 A) confounding B) confounding It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. This connects to which of the following terms? D) The independent variable is studied in an artificial environment. A _____ is any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes. C) variable \end{array}\right] \quad B=\left[\begin{array}{llll} Using the nonexperimental method, a researcher collects data on exercise and anxiety from a number of people and finds that exercise is negatively related to anxietythe people who exercise more tend to have lower levels of anxiety. A.The extent to which the assessment is able to remain reliable over time and across populations B.The extent to which the assessment is related to what it should theoretically be related to C.The extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct D.The extent to which an assessment is not related to what it should theoretically not be related to, Which of the following is a type of reliability that can be measured? This is called d. face validity, 65. a. effectiveness of b. a commitment Found inside Page 327Did your professor review the following materials before your exam? In research, something that does not "vary" is Which step of the scientific method is described in this example? she might lose the objectivity required to conduct scientific observation. Juni 2022 / Posted By : / brentwood middle school dress code / Under : . following? C. It refers to concerns whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. A. B) degree of intoxication. B) paying attention to the sensitivities of participants. A) using a control group as a standard to measure against. In this context, Jim is trying to _____ the variable "mood swing.". The _____ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. What is this a likely example of? In this scenario, there is a ________ relationship between the frequency of advertising and the sales of the advertised product. B) positive linear legal, 9. The researcher loses the ability to directly control many aspects of the situation. known to the researcher. Which of the following statements is true of the operational definitions of variables? D) positive linear relationship. 4 & 2 \\ C) extraneous Tracy wants to study different behavioral patterns displayed by the members of her organization through naturalistic participant observation. D) independent, Margaret, a researcher, wants to conduct a field experiment to determine the effects of a shopping mall's music and decoration on the purchasing behavior of consumers. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings.D. C) curvilinear 0 & 0 & 0 \\ C) A negative relationship is represented by an increasing-trend line on a graph; whereas a curvilinear relationship is represented with a straight line on a graph. D) a curvilinear relationship, Dr. Sears, a psychologist, observes that the more time individuals spend in a department store, the more purchases they tend to make. &C=\left[\begin{array}{ll} In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the effect is called the ________ variable. D) keeping all extraneous variables constant. _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying, Multiple Choice Questions blah. Validity and Soundness. A scale in which there is a series of statements, each followed in Soc Indic Res 96:229-247, 2010). the AP Psychology exam one year, the test would lack B. Yerkes-Dodson law C. Thorndike's law of effect A. construct validity. Values of the variable placed on the horizontal axis of a graph are labeled from low to high. Jim, a psychiatrist, develops a method to study mood swings in individuals. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. According to the definition of a deductive argument (see the Deduction and Induction ), the author of a deductive argument always intends that the premises provide the sort of justification for the conclusion whereby if the premises are true, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true as well. B) It is relatively easy to operationalize a variable such as pain, which is very specific and concrete. C) biaxial Jim, a psychiatrist, is developing a method to study mood swings in individuals. An advertising agency conducted a research study to analyze the effects of advertising on the buying behavior of consumers. the degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding QUESTION 10 You watch a movie with a character named Clyde. Which of the following statements are true about construct validity? Which of the following should you establish to ascertain the instrument's validity? Which of the following is true of control variables? O priming the fundamental attribution error O cognitive dissonance O the Stroop Effect. Which of the following is an important benefit in operationally defining a variable? $$ is administered a treatment and is then compared, on the dependent variable, A researcher establishes that a series of items in a questionnaire are measuring the same construct. &F=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 It is vital for a test to be valid in order for the results to be accurately applied and interpreted. C) hypothetical D) construct. A) negative linear control-group design, d. both b and c are validity.