School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. b. exposing them to adult models of aggression. Psychology. c. The need to be accepted by others is a powerful motivating force. Unfortunately, even when some countries have created legal protections, they thought that equality applied to only select groups. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! p.)\left.p.\right)p.). Yosef, who is of Jewish origin, joins her unit as a trainee. These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. According to Lyons et al. Other Quizlet sets. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. Nosotros _____ (ir) a la playa. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. B) ingroup bias. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Historical examples abound. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. 3. a. deindividuation. What was the highest marginal tax rate for married taxpayers in 1970? In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. Other-race Effect: Definition. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. b. deindividuation. d. oxytocin. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. What For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. b. implicit prejudice. Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. Trellis8. Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. In our soccer example, one set of children will focus on their own desire to play without really regarding the similar desire of the other class as equal and legitimate. nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. 6. On April 30, 2016, the petty cash fund contained vouchers totaling$171.40 plus $26.10 of currency. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . d. deindividuation. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. c. more; more It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). Was the White person wrong because they will never learn to be comfortable if they avoid contact? Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. b. the just-world phenomenon. According to Gallup's polling . Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. b. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Scapegoat Theory: . It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. 30. Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. a. a dispositional attribution. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? Tell your classmates what you will visit and what you will do and see there. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Aggression The finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help, the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . a. deindividuation. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. b. physical attractiveness. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Devine, P. G. (1989). Weddings are generally happy occasions (it is more appropriate to say congratulations than I am so sorry), they are formal affairs (people typically dress up), and they usually include food (you dont need to stop and eat before attending the wedding). attitude. At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. : Men are more intelligent. This comment is an example of: Describing positive behaviors by an ingroup member in terms of his or her general disposition, but describing the same behavior by an outgroup member as a specific, isolated act reflects: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, iGCSE PE 10.1 Leisure and Recreation / The Gr. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. ethnocentrism . Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). Unit 23. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill? Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. c. hindsight bias. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? b. conformity Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. Ethnocentrism. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. 0 . These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. (1974). Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. Classic examples of blatant bias include the views of members of hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and members of Hitlers Nazi party. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. . And a stereotypical old person would be seen as high in warmth but lower in competence. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. c. cognitive dissonance. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. Which of the following is true of violent male criminals? Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Pages 14 model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. Groupthink: . does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. (2004). (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). This way of perceiving and making . Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. python 3d scatter plot with labels; For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. 3. a special and definite purpose in a novel or other literary work. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. D) GRIT. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. (1998). Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. a. cognitive dissonance. Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. a. c. deindividuation. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. Experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? Log in Join. This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Impact. a. ingroup bias. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? d. Catharsis. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. (Extremes). His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. b. less; more Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). Devine and her colleagues (2005) note that automatic prejudices subside when ________. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . June 7, 2022 1 Views. ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. Group-serving bias (or ultimate attribution error). Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Draw a circle graph with this information. Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality, stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity, the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. The firm does the following: b. a. Chinese people tend to look pretty much alike. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. state of maine human resources contact, white faced pearl cockatiel male or female,
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